消息中间件——pull和push

常用的消息中间件支持模型

中间件 push模型 pull模型
RabbitMQ 支持 支持
Kafka – 支持（只有）
RocketMQ 支持 支持

两种模型优缺点对比

  • 所谓 Push 模型，即当 Producer 发出的消息到达后，服务端马上将这条消息投递给 Consumer；
  • 而 Pull 则是服务端收到这条消息后什么也不做，只是等着 Consumer 主动到自己这里来读，即 Consumer 这里有一个“拉取”的动作。

Push模型优缺点

Push模型优点

实时（因为服务端Broker一旦收到消息，就会发送给消费者，不管消费这准备好没有，消费者是死是活，缓存到消费端的BlockingQueue中）

Push缺点

  1. 消息保存在服务端broker，容易造成消息堆积。
  2. 服务端broker需要维护每次传输状态，遇到问题需要重试。
  3. 服务端broker需要依据订阅者消费能力做流控(流转机制)。

Pull模型优缺点

Pull模型优点
保存在消费端，获取消息方便。（什么保存在消费端）
[2] 传输失败，不需要重试。（如何理解？）
[3] 消费端可以根据自身消费能力决定是否pull(流转机制) （这个好理解）

Pull缺点
默认的短轮询方式的实时性依赖于pull间隔时间，间隔越大，实时性越低，长轮询方式和push一致。（默认的端轮训指的是什么？ 指的当长时间没有消息时，消费端实现的间隔时间去服务端轮训消息的过程）

SpringBoot——RabittMQ（二十四）

pom

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<!--mq-->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
       </dependency>

配置

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# rabbitmq
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
# 开启confirms回调 P -> Exchange
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
# 开启returnedMessage回调 Exchange -> Queue
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
# 设置手动确认(ack) Queue -> C
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=100

# mail
spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com
spring.mail.username=18621142249@163.com
spring.mail.password=123456wangzai
spring.mail.from=18621142249@163.com
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true

RabbitConfig

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@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Autowired
    private CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory;

    @Autowired
    private MsgLogService msgLogService;

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(converter());

        // 消息是否成功发送到Exchange
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) -> {
            if (ack) {
                log.info("消息成功发送到Exchange");
                String msgId = correlationData.getId();
                msgLogService.updateStatus(msgId, Constant.MsgLogStatus.DELIVER_SUCCESS);
            } else {
                log.info("消息发送到Exchange失败, {}, cause: {}", correlationData, cause);
            }
        });

        // 触发setReturnCallback回调必须设置mandatory=true, 否则Exchange没有找到Queue就会丢弃掉消息, 而不会触发回调
        rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
        // 消息是否从Exchange路由到Queue, 注意: 这是一个失败回调, 只有消息从Exchange路由到Queue失败才会回调这个方法
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((message, replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey) -> {
            log.info("消息从Exchange路由到Queue失败: exchange: {}, route: {}, replyCode: {}, replyText: {}, message: {}", exchange, routingKey, replyCode, replyText, message);
        });

        return rabbitTemplate;
    }

    @Bean
    public Jackson2JsonMessageConverter converter() {
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
    // 发送邮件
    public static final String MAIL_QUEUE_NAME = "mail.queue";
    public static final String MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME = "mail.exchange";
    public static final String MAIL_ROUTING_KEY_NAME = "mail.routing.key";

    @Bean
    public Queue mailQueue() {
        return new Queue(MAIL_QUEUE_NAME, true);
    }

    @Bean
    public DirectExchange mailExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME, true, false);
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding mailBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(mailQueue()).to(mailExchange()).with(MAIL_ROUTING_KEY_NAME);
    }
}

MailUtil

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@Component
@Slf4j
public class MailUtil {

    @Value("${spring.mail.from}")
    private String from;

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    /**
     * 发送简单邮件
     *
     * @param mail
     */
    public boolean send(Mail mail) {
        String to = mail.getTo();// 目标邮箱
        String title = mail.getTitle();// 邮件标题
        String content = mail.getContent();// 邮件正文

        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(from);
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(title);
        message.setText(content);

        try {
            mailSender.send(message);
            log.info("邮件发送成功");
            return true;
        } catch (MailException e) {
            log.error("邮件发送失败, to: {}, title: {}", to, title, e);
            return false;
        }
    }

}

生产者

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@Service
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService {

    @Autowired
    private MsgLogMapper msgLogMapper;

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Override
    public ServerResponse send(Mail mail) {
        String msgId = RandomUtil.UUID32();
        mail.setMsgId(msgId);

        MsgLog msgLog = new MsgLog(msgId, mail, RabbitConfig.MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME, RabbitConfig.MAIL_ROUTING_KEY_NAME);
        msgLogMapper.insert(msgLog);// 消息入库

        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(msgId);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME, RabbitConfig.MAIL_ROUTING_KEY_NAME, MessageHelper.objToMsg(mail), correlationData);// 发送消息

        return ServerResponse.success(ResponseCode.MAIL_SEND_SUCCESS.getMsg());
    }

}

消费者

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@Component
@Slf4j
public class MailConsumer {

    @Autowired
    private MsgLogService msgLogService;

    @Autowired
    private MailUtil mailUtil;

    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.MAIL_QUEUE_NAME)
    public void consume(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        Mail mail = MessageHelper.msgToObj(message, Mail.class);
        log.info("收到消息: {}", mail.toString());

        String msgId = mail.getMsgId();

        MsgLog msgLog = msgLogService.selectByMsgId(msgId);
        if (null == msgLog || msgLog.getStatus().equals(Constant.MsgLogStatus.CONSUMED_SUCCESS)) {// 消费幂等性
            log.info("重复消费, msgId: {}", msgId);
            return;
        }

        MessageProperties properties = message.getMessageProperties();
        long tag = properties.getDeliveryTag();

        boolean success = mailUtil.send(mail);
        if (success) {
            msgLogService.updateStatus(msgId, Constant.MsgLogStatus.CONSUMED_SUCCESS);
            channel.basicAck(tag, false);// 消费确认
        } else {
            channel.basicNack(tag, false, true);
        }
    }

}

ResendMsg定时任务重新投递发送失败的消息

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@Component
@Slf4j
public class ResendMsg {

    @Autowired
    private MsgLogService msgLogService;

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    // 最大投递次数
    private static final int MAX_TRY_COUNT = 3;

    /**
     * 每30s拉取投递失败的消息, 重新投递
     */
    @Scheduled(cron = "0/30 * * * * ?")
    public void resend() {
        log.info("开始执行定时任务(重新投递消息)");

        List<MsgLog> msgLogs = msgLogService.selectTimeoutMsg();
        msgLogs.forEach(msgLog -> {
            String msgId = msgLog.getMsgId();
            if (msgLog.getTryCount() >= MAX_TRY_COUNT) {
                msgLogService.updateStatus(msgId, Constant.MsgLogStatus.DELIVER_FAIL);
                log.info("超过最大重试次数, 消息投递失败, msgId: {}", msgId);
            } else {
                msgLogService.updateTryCount(msgId, msgLog.getNextTryTime());// 投递次数+1

                CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(msgId);
                rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(msgLog.getExchange(), msgLog.getRoutingKey(), MessageHelper.objToMsg(msgLog.getMsg()), correlationData);// 重新投递

                log.info("第 " + (msgLog.getTryCount() + 1) + " 次重新投递消息");
            }
        });

        log.info("定时任务执行结束(重新投递消息)");
    }
}
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